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Winsteps 項目反應分析軟體

本公司皆販售最新版本,目前版本僅供參考
最新版 Winsteps v5.2.4 更新於 2022/6/1
最新版 Facets v3.84 更新於 2022/5/1

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Winsteps 是Windows 介面的軟體,用 Rasch-Model 的很多應用幫助,特別是在教育測試,看法調查和等級規模分析的區域內。 



Rasch analysis是一種方法,能夠獲得客觀的、基本的、由隨機觀察有序類別的反應的線性措施(合格的標準誤差和質量控制符合統計)。Georg Rasch,丹麥數學家,於 1953年制定本辦法,分析了一系列的反應,閱讀測驗(Rasch G, Probabilistic Models for Some Intelligence and Attainment Tests, Chicago: MESA Press, 1992, withinstructive Foreword and Afterword by B.D. Wright)

 

在丹麥語Rasch發音類似英語單詞rash,在德國聽起來像英語raa-sch。德國發音,raa-sch,是為了避免誤解。人與項目總原始分數被用來估計線性措施。 Rasch模式條件下,這些措施是項目免費(項目分配免費)和人的自由(人分配免費)。因此,該措施相當於統計的項目-無論是哪個人(來自同一人口)進行了分析,對其中無論哪個項目(來自同一人口)進行了分析。分析數據的響應級別表明在何種程度上實現這些理想在任何特定的數據集。

在 Winsteps,Rasch模式實施包括Georg Rasch dichotomous, Andrich "rating scale",Masters "partial credit", Bradley-Terry "paired comparison",Glas "success model",Linacre "failure model"和most combinations of these models。其他如binomial trials和Poisson也可以分析anchoring (fixing)的結構,以符合反應的反應模型。 (如果您有特殊需要,請讓我們知道,Winsteps不斷增強。)
該估計方法是JMLE,“Joint Maximum Likelihood Estimation”,與初始值開始提供PROX是Normal Approximation Algorithm”。


 


系統需求

» Windows: Winsteps is 64-bit/32-bit software. It runs successfully under Windows 11, 10, 8, 7, Vista, but not Windows XP, 2000, ME, NT, 98, 95, 3.1.

For Windows XP and 32-bit-only Windows installations, Winsteps 4.8.2 is available. Purchase a standard Winsteps license, then request the earlier Winsteps version.

» Mac, Linux,Chrome OS: Winsteps runs under Windows installed on the target hardware using special-purpose software.

Please check compatibility by downloading and running the free student/evaluation/demo version, MINISTEP - same as Winsteps but limited to 25 items and 75 persons/cases.

 

    Output Tables

36 Tables, many with subtables, report all aspects of the analysis: Person and item scores, measures, standard errors, quality control fit statistics, summary statistics, reliabilities, subtotals, individual reporting, differential item functioning, rating scale functioning, score to measure conversion, Guttman scalograms, paired comparisons, cheating detection, and more
     
  Output Files & Excel Plots

16 output files for exporting measures, standard errors, quality control fit statistics as EXCEL, SPSS or text files for input to other software. Immediate display, if desired. Here is a “Bond & Fox” style Bubble Chart automatically displayed by Excel.
     
  Differential Item Functioning

Detailed Tables and Plots of uniform and non-uniform DIF size and significance. Also Mantel-Haenszel and Mantel statistics. Differential Person functioning and Differential Person-group vs. Item-group functioning.
     
  Principal components analysis of
residuals for multidimensionality


of persons or items. Reporting of unexpected observations helps identify problems in the data or
instrument conceptualization.
Also: Multiple concurrent analyses. Batch mode
operation. Frequent enhancements (free for a year).
Training seminars. Need an extra feature? Tell us!
     
 

Help Feature

Full user documentation and many examples in the Help file of the 140+ user options. Detailed descriptions of every output table. 50 technical “special topics” address operational, analytical and interpretive issues. Free downloadable PDF of Program Manual.
Bond & Fox examples on winsteps.com

     
  Constructs linear measures
from ordinal data:


Multiple-choice tests, dichotomies, attitude surveys, rating scales, observational protocols, partial credit items, answer keys, item rescoring.
Missing data: no problem!
Capacity: Huge! 9,999,999 persons, 60,000 items, (dichotomies, rating scales and/or partial credit), up to 255 categories per scale.
     
  Excel, SAS, SPSS, STATA import

Easy conversion to Winsteps control and data files
using copy-and-paste procedure.
     
 

What is being measured?

Construct validity: defining the latent variable items ordered: from frequent to rare, from easy to hard, from loved to hated. Item anchoring and weighting, tabular and graphical output. Estimates
of item discrimination and guessability.

     
 

Who or What has been measured?

Predictive validity, Concurrent validity,
Achievement, Attitude, Quality of Life: Who has more and who has less? Standard errors for significant differences. Person anchoring and weighting. Differential person function reporting.
Subtotaling by demographic variables

     
 

Are Items and Rating Scales functioning
as intended?


Empirical and model item characteristic curves.
(ICCs) with confidence bands for individual items
or all items which share the same scale structure.
Category probability curves. Test, item and category information functions. Test characteristic curve.
Detailed statistics for each category: counts,
measures, and quality-control fit statistics. Re-order and collapse categories. Remedy keying errors and reversed items. Multiple-choice scoring keys.
Multiple ICCs on one graph.

 

Facets 性能評價分析軟體 
Facets 是基於 Windows的軟體,在Rasch-Model的很多應用過程中幫助,特別是在性能評價的區域內並且配對比較。建議您先熟悉較簡單的WINSTEPS才開始使用Facets。

Facets旨在處理從簡單到非常艱難的一維多面Rasch測量的應用。它從涉及不同方面組合的複雜數據構建度量,例如考生,項目,任務,評委以及進一步的測量和結構方面。它旨在在一次分析中處理不同格式的項目組合。項目類型包括二分法,最多255個類別的評級量表,泊松計數和伯努利試驗。多個不同的測量模型可以包含在同一分析中,包括配對比較,排序,李克特和其他評定量表,部分信用和二分法,所有這些都涉及1到255個方面。例如,雙面人物項目多項選擇題可以包含在與四面人物評價者任務項目評級相同的分析中。度量也可以單獨或按組均值固定(錨定),便於在測試會話中進行等同和鏈接。提供所有措施的質量控制適合性評估。識別出意外的數據點。可以測量偏差,差異項目功能和相互作用。可以實施加權方案。一次分析中可以包括多達400萬個單獨的元素,例如考生,評估者等。典型應用程序的數據丟失率超過90%。在數據矩陣的每個單元中允許多個觀察。Facets已成功用於構建語言測試,醫務人員績效,患者表現,公開演講,個人和團隊的體育表現,以及消費者的喜好。



Aids to Conceptualization
Facets is designed for number-crunching, but it does include some visual aids. The “rulers” show how the measures lay out up the variable. This enables judge leniencies, examinee abilities, and item easiness to be compared with
each other, and with the rating scale. Also displayed are numerical bar charts of the counts, scores measures and fit statistics for each element (person, etc.) of each facet (examinees, etc.)

Output Tables & Plots
Output Tables and Bias analyses can beproduced at estimation time. This can be done in “silent” batch mode. Reports can be customized in an interactive phase. For large analyses, it can be easier to look at a single output table, than to scroll through voluminous standard output

Output Files Output files in several formats giving complete information about measures and responses.. Additional DIF/Bias analyses can be performed. Simulated data can be produced. Facets specification and data files can be converted into Winsteps control and data files.

Unexpected Data Points Identified Garbage in - Garbage out! Quality-control is central to Facets philosophy. Valid results require valid data. Data entry errors, erratic judges, mis-specified rating scales, deficient experimental designs .... Facets identifies suspected problems for investigation, but always produces results.

Bias analysis - Differential Item Function
Interactions of any facet with any other measurement or demographic facet can be investigated and automatically plotted with Excel. Comprehensive Help file with examples. Free downloadable Manual in PDF format. Student/evaluation versions downloadable free from www.winsteps.com

Constructs Measures from Awkward Data
Facets is for tough applications of measurement construction from complex ordinal data involving heterogeneous combinations of examinees, items,tasks, judges, etc. along with further
measurement and structural facets. Over 90% missing data - no problem. Up to 1 million examinees etc. Data in Excel or text files. Facets is used for analyzing educational, medical and
psychological assessments, also for staff evaluations, public speaking, artistic and sports competitions, consumer preferences and more ....

One or More Item Formats in One Analysis
Facets is designed to handle flexibly combinations of items of different formats in one analysis. Item types include dichotomies, rating scales with up to 255 categories, partial credit
items, Poisson counts and Bernoulli trials. Full reporting of item structures includes category probability curves, expected and empirical item characteristic curves (ICCs) and information functions.

Multiple Measurement Models in an Analysis
Multiple different measurement models in the same analysis, including paired-comparisons,rank- order, rating scales, partial credit and
dichotomizations involving from 1 to 255 facets. Unjudged multiple-choice items can be combined with judge-awarded essay ratings (weighted, if desired) to construct linear measures. Measures adjusted for judge leniency, task difficulty, etc.

Measures, Quality-Control Fit Statistics
Linear measures, standard errors, quality-control fit statistics (Infit, Outfit), point-biserials, and item discrimination estimates are reported. Also summary reliability and agreement statistics.
Measures can be fixed (anchored) individually or by group mean, for equating and linking across test sessions. The “observed average” shows the average rating for an element (person, item,
judge, etc.). The “fair average” adjusts that for the context - leveling the playing-field.


系統需求

» Current version: Facets 3.84.0, May 2022, is 32-bit software, Windows XP to Windows 11 compatible.
» Mac, Linux,Chrome OS:
Winsteps and Facets run under Windows installed on the target hardware using special-purpose software.

» Facets is 32-bit Windows software. Please check compatibility by downloading and running the free student/evaluation/demo version, Minifac - same as Facets but limited to 2,000 data points.

Feature Winsteps Facets
Typical data Multiple choice tests, true-false items, attitude surveys Rated performances, sports competitions,
paired comparisons
Data layout Rectangular: persons & items, 2-facet 2-facet; 3-facet: persons, items, judges; 4-facet: persons, items, judges, occasions; 5- to 255- facets; one-facet: paired comparisons; and more...
Data capacity 9,999,999 persons by 60,000 items Over 1,600,000 persons + items + judges + tasks +...
Reporting 30+ major tables, files, plots, graphs 8+ major tables, files, plots, graphs
Conceptualization & Interpretation Simpler More complex
Rasch Models Dichotomous, Andrich Rating-Scale, Masters' Partial Credit, and more Dichotomous, Andrich Rating-Scale, Masters' Partial Credit, Poisson Counts, Binomial Trials, and more
Advice Use Winsteps if the data can be formatted as a rectangle, e.g,, persons-items Use Facets when Winsteps won't do the job

 

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